1. To uphold, follow closely, or conform (usually followed by to): to hew to the tenets of one's political party. 2. To strike with cutting blows; cut: He hewed more vigorously each time. 3. To strike forcibly with an ax, sword, or other cutting instrument; chop; hack. 4. To make, shape, smooth, etc., with cutting blows: to hew a passage through the crowd; to hew a statue from marble.
When the Holy Grail presents itself—which is, in this version, the atomic bomb, "a superweapon if you will, with which we can chastise and thwart the enemy"—they must decide whether to hew to their knightly ways or adopt a modern ruthlessness. -- Donald Barthelme, The King
The Puritans of New England no doubt could make their congregations hew to a purely technical virtue by means of severe fines and punishments for adultery. -- Isak Dinesen, Daguerreotypes and Other Essays
Hew is a very old word that comes from the Old Norse word hǫggva meaning "to strike."
1. Empty or foolish talk; nonsense. 2. Insolent talk.
So don't give me any of your guff, young fellow. And don't think I'm sore. But I get tired of guff — I'll take it from a fool or from a book reviewer but I won't take it from a friend who knows a lot better. -- F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Crack-Up
“They'll probably keep me quite busy.” “What was all the guff about another woman?” -- Ernest Hemingway, The Garden of Eden
Guff is of unknown origin. It arose in the 1820s in the United States. It may be related to a Norwegian dialectic word gufs meaning "puff of wind."
1. Of or pertaining to the open seas or oceans. 2. Living or growing at or near the surface of the ocean, far from land, as certain organisms.
I was reminded of certain kinds of pelagic birds that move at ease in the air or on the ocean, but have a hard time walking. -- Ross MacDonald, The Blue Hammer
However, the real slaughter, the one that all the maritime nations of the world opposed and strove to abolish, was pelagic sealing, the kind that Schransky particularly enjoyed and from which he profited enormously. -- James Michener, Alaska
Pelagic is derived from the Greek word pélag which meant "the sea."
Neatly or trimly smart in dress or appearance; spruce: a natty white uniform.
'I was a pretty natty dresser myself. Once upon a time. Like Mr F, the picture of elegance. But now. Appearances. What do they matter?' I indicated my own clothing with a dismissive gesture. -- Charles Chadwick, It's All Right Now
The captain, in his natty uniform of blue and gold, stepped forth upon the bridge to take command, and raised his banded cap in recognition of the constant cheer from the host ashore and the throng of blue shirts on the forecastle head. -- Charles King, Found in the Philippines
Natty stems from the common word neat. It first arose in the late 1700s.
1. Not in use; inactive: My creative energies have lain fallow this year. 2. (Of land) plowed and left unseeded for a season or more; uncultivated.
noun: 1. Land that has undergone plowing and harrowing and has been left unseeded for one or more growing seasons.
verb: 1. To make (land) fallow for agricultural purposes.
The two men stopped in the road and looked out at the valley, green tinged from the early rains. Samuel said softly, “I wonder you do not feel a shame at leaving that land fallow.” -- John Steinbeck, East of Eden
They were a limited, narrow-minded people, whose inert intellects lay fallow in incurious resignation. -- T.E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom
Fallow comes from the Old English word fælging from the tool that was used to break up clods of dirt.
While I began to immerse myself in this difficult new venture, the summer would bring in fresh distraction from my loneliness, and it is indeed curious how events concatenate. -- John O'Meara, Defending Her Son
But when, as in this vintage, the conditions concatenate ideally, the result is - I'm sure you'll agree - vivid and appealing. -- Stephen Fry, The Liar
Concatenate stems from the Latin word concatēnātus meaning "to link together."
1. Something that serves as a guide or on which the attention is fixed. 2. A star that shows the way. 3. Polaris.
Hilola Bigtree was the lodestar that pulled our visored, sweaty visitors across the water. -- Karen Russell, Swamplandia
It boasts a transportation system second to none amongst the great cities of the world, and it is, most significantly, the lodestar of Japanese culture in modern times. -- Lawrence William Rogers, Tokyo Stories
Lodestar comes from the Old English word lode which meant "way, course." The word has been used in navigation since the 1400s.
1. Volition in its weakest form. 2. A mere wish, unaccompanied by an effort to obtain it.
Fortunately it did no more than stress, the better to mock if you like, an innate velleity. -- Samuel Beckett, Molloy
My guess is that instead of being men of decision we are in reality men of velleity. -- Thomas Merton, Conjectures of a Guilty Bystander
Have you come across the word velleity? A nice Thomistic ring to it. Volition at its lowest ebb. A small thing, a wish, a tendency. If you're low-willed, you see, you end up living in the shallowest turns and bends of your own preoccupations. -- Don DeLillo, Underworld
Velleity stems from the Latin word velle which meant "to be willing." The suffix -ity is used for abstract nouns.
...this time found that it was nought alive, but the bole of a tree sitting high out of the water. -- William Morris, The Water of the Wondrous Isles
He moved toward the bole eagerly. The tree was shorter than it was wide, the branches enormous appendages that flung to the sides in a giant welcome. -- K.M. Frontain, The Gryphon Taint
Bole stems directly from the Old Norse word bolr which meant "trunk."
1. To fold, crush together, or collapse in the manner of a concertina: The car concertinaed when it hit the truck. 2. To cause to fold or collapse in the manner of a concertina.
noun: 1. A musical instrument resembling an accordion but having buttonlike keys, hexagonal bellows and ends, and a more limited range. 2. Concertina wire.
Monk is so tall his knees seem to concertina against the dashboard. -- Michael Robotham, Shatter
As Henderson looked down at his hands, the folds of skin on his face seemed to concertina into a soft place for his chin to rest. -- Jacquelin Winspear, A Lesson in Secrets
A concertina was named by the inventor who made the instrument, Charles Wheatstone, in 1837. It was first used as a verb in the early 1900s.
1. Ludicrous; funny. 2. Fantastic; odd; grotesque: an antic disposition.
noun: 1. Usually, antics. A. A playful trick or prank; caper. B. A grotesque, fantastic, or ludicrous gesture, act, or posture. 2.Archaic. A. An actor in a grotesque or ridiculous presentation. B. A buffoon; clown. 3.Obsolete. A. A grotesque theatrical presentation; ridiculous interlude. B. A grotesque or fantastic sculptured figure, as a gargoyle.
From the subversive to the antic, the uproarious to the disturbing, the stories of Bruce Sterling are restless, energy-filled journeys through a world running on empty. -- Bruce Sterling, A Good Old-Fashioned Future
Grey Magic is a work of great scope and stylistic virtuosity, combining antic humor with immense sophistication, an Anglo-American setting with an Anglo-European sensibility and a profound insight into contemporary issues of both personal and collective resonance. -- Richard Leigh, Grey Magic
Antic comes from the Italian word antico which meant "ancient." Apparently, it was associated with the fantastic figures of the Roman ruins and came to mean "grotesque."
1. A host, master of ceremonies, or the like, especially of a stage revue or television program.
verb: 1. To act as compère for: to compère the new game show.
Just then, the compère got up on the stage and picked up the microphone. "Good evening, ladies and gentlemen…" -- Kenneth Turpin, Nosy
Then a tall, sidling young man appeared and, after some confusion with the compère, unceremoniously proposed to drink a pint of brown ale without at any point using his hands… -- Martin Amis, Heavy Water
Compère literally means "godfather" in French. It entered English in the 1730s.
Displaying or characterized by insincere emotions: the bathetic emotionalism of soap operas.
The bathetic quality of "instant cliche" endings is to some extent counterbalanced by the kind of ending which combines plot-contortion with climactic enlightenment… -- Heterocosms, Heterocosms
Attempts to capture the awe and pain of dying can often, alas, come out sounding either bathetic or satiric. -- Nancy Kress, Characters, Emotion and Viewpoint
Based on the more common word pathetic, bathetic entered English in the 1830s. It comes from the Greek word bathos which meant "depth."
1. To shorten by cutting off a part; cut short: Truncate detailed explanations. 2.Mathematics, Computers. To shorten (a number) by dropping a digit or digits: The numbers 1.4142 and 1.4987 can both be truncated to 1.4.
adjective: 1. Truncated. 2.Biology. A. Square or broad at the end, as if cut off transversely. B. Lacking the apex, as certain spiral shells.
He pointed out that it was relatively easy to pronounce, though there was the danger that Americans, obsessed with abbreviation, would truncate it to Nick. -- Jhumpa Lahiri, The Namesake
Tonight we had to truncate the chorus work and replace it with rehearsal of the larger scenes. -- Chuck Zito, A Habit for Death
Truncate comes from the Latin word truncātus which meant "to lop." The mathematical and computer usage arose in the 1950s.
Defectively produced speech; socially unacceptable diction.
As to prose, I don't know Addison's from Johnson's; but I will try to mend my cacology. -- Lord Byron, The Works and Letters of Lord Byron
Such cacology drives some people to distraction. -- Linton Weeks, "R Grammar Gaffes Ruining the Language? Maybe Not", NPR
Cacology comes from the root caco- meaning "bad." This prefix occurs in loanwords from Greek. Similarly the suffix -logy is a combining form used in the names of sciences and bodies of knowledge.
1. Inflammable; combustible. 2. Of, pertaining to, or resembling pitch. 3.Zoology. Black or nearly black as pitch.
In the silent and piceous hour just before dawn, they advanced at a slow trot, fanning out through the slave quarters and into the yard that divided the gin house, the mill, and the buildings where Canning and I slept unaware. -- Geraldine Brooks, March
Dark pink for the brick buildings, dark green for the doorjambs and the benches, dark iron for the hinges, dark stone for Nathaniel's Tomb; darkness in the piceous roots of trees that broke through the earth like bones through skin. -- Roger Rosenblatt, Beet
Piceous stems from the Latin word piceus meaning "made of pitch."
To move or act in a carefree, frolicsome manner; behave in a free, hearty, gay, or jovial way.
Also in old, jolly fishwives, squatted under arches, obscene old women, how deeply they laugh and shake and rollick, when they walk, from side to side, hum, ha! -- Virginia Woolf, "The String Quartet," Monday or Tuesday: Eight Stories
A deeper ripple of mirth this time and Bronzini was sad for the boy, skinny Alfonse, but did not rebuke them, kept talking, talked over the momentary rollick—skinny sorry Alfonse, grape-stained with tragic acne. -- Don DeLillo, Underworld
Rollick is a portmanteau of "frolic" and "romp." It arose in the 1820s.
1. Of many kinds; numerous and varied: manifold duties. 2. Having numerous different parts, elements, features, forms, etc.: a manifold program for social reform.
noun: 1. Something having many different parts or features. 2. A copy or facsimile, as of something written, such as is made by manifolding
verb: 1. To make copies of, as with carbon paper.
The possible moves being not only manifold, but involute, the chances of such oversights are multiplied; and in nine cases out of ten, it is the more concentrative rather than the more acute player who conquers. -- Edgar Allen Poe, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," Great Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe
Whatever his arrangements are, however, they are always a pattern of neatness; and every one of the manifold articles connected with his manifold occupations is to be found in its own particular place. -- Charles Dickens, Master Humphrey's Clock
Manifold comes from the Old English word monigfald meaning "varied in appearance." The English suffix -fold originally meant "of so many parts."
1. Ill-humored; irritable or peevish; spiteful; splenetic. 2. Full of or displaying spleen.
For a blink, Ratcliffe himself, who hated almost beyond telling this spleenful fellowman now well handcuffed and clamped at the ankles with cold stout bilboes, did believe in his intentions, and would have resigned all proceedings if he could; but once the doctor prescribes a purge, how can he countermand himself? -- William T. Vollmann, Argall
Their attention was focused on Guy Fowler, a surly, spleenful man, but one of few old-salts of white blood. -- Virginia Van Druten, Bound to Sea
The spleen was regarded as the seat of morose feelings and bad tempers in Medieval physiology. The adjective spleenful arose from this association in the late 1500s.
1. A pale gray-green. 2. Any of several Chinese porcelains having a translucent, pale green glaze. 3. Any porcelain imitating these.
adjective: 1. Having the color celadon.
The detail was striking and the cream, salmon, and celadon of the offset colors realistic, if slightly dated. -- David Foster Wallace, The Pale King
Far out, the bay had a glaze like celadon. -- Wallace Stegner, Angle of Repose
The word celadon stems from the name of a character in the 1610 book L'Astrée by Honoré d'Urfé. The character Céladon was a sentimental lover who wore bright green clothes.
1. A light tint of purple; reddish lavender. 2. Any hairy plant belonging to the genus Heliotropium, of the borage family, as H. arborescens, cultivated for its small, fragrant purple flowers. 3. Any of various other plants, as the valerian or the winter heliotrope. 4. Any plant that turns toward the sun. 5.Surveying. An arrangement of mirrors for reflecting sunlight from a distant point to an observation station. 6. Bloodstone.
But the heliotrope envelope with the feminine handwriting and the strange odor immediately suggested queries along lines of investigation which had never before entered her thoughts. -- George Gibbs, The Vagrant Duke
Blown by steady volumes of roaring wind, everyone's hair is riffled and tangled and leaping in antic wisps, and the heliotrope robes bulk like tumors but flip up in sudden swoops. -- Edmund White, Forgetting Elena
Heliotrope literally meant "turn towards the sun" in Greek. Flowers that turned towards the sun became associated with this word.
Bear with these distractions, with this coetaneous growth of the parts: they will one day be members, and obey one will. -- Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance and Other Essays
We could say that all living people are contemporaneous but not necessarily coetaneous; they live at different age levels. -- Harold C. Raley, A Watch Over Mortality
Coetaneous stems from the Latin roots co- meaning "with, together with," ætat- meaning "age," and the suffix -aneus (which is an adjectival suffix meaning "resembling").
1. A full, rich outpouring of melodious sound. 2. The compass of a voice or instrument. 3. A fixed standard of pitch. 4. Either of two principal timbres or stops of a pipe organ, one of full, majestic tone (open diapason) and the other of strong, flutelike tone (stopped diapason). 5. Any of several other organ stops. 6. A tuning fork.
During the whole interval in which he had produced those diapason blasts, heard with such inharmonious feelings by the three auditors outside the screen, his thoughts had wandered wider than his notes in conjectures on the character and position of the gentleman seen in Ethelberta's company. -- Thomas Hardy, The Hand of Ethelberta
And so those two, angry accuser and indifferent accused, faced each other for a moment; while, incessant, dull, might, the thunders of the great cataract mingled with the trembling diapason of the stupendous turbines in the rock-hewn caverns where old Niagara now toiled in fetters, to swell their power and fling gold into their bottomless coffers. -- George Allan England, The Air Trust
Diapason was originally an abbreviation of the Greek phrase "hē dià pāsôn chordôn symphōnía" which meant "the concord through all the notes of the scale."
1. The political campaign trail. 2. (Before 1872) the temporary platform on which candidates for the British Parliament stood when nominated and from which they addressed the electors. 3. Any place from which political campaign speeches are made. 4. Also called hustings court. A local court in certain parts of Virginia.
But he still had to go out to the hustings, a word whose meaning he'd never learned, and campaign for people, or at least give speeches. -- Tom Clancy, Executive Orders
Now, do not let them lure you to the hustings, my dear Mr. Brooke. -- George Eliot, Middlemarch
Hustings is derived from the Old Danish word hūs-thing which meant "house meeting."
But what strepitous sounds, what harmonious tumult diverts my attention to another part ? -- José Francisco de Isla, The History of the Famous Preacher, Friar Gerund de Campazas
Here is no idyllic meditative retreat from the strepitous city but a scene of virile action—fields sounding with human labor, vibrating with human energy. -- Beulah B. Amram, "Swinburne and Carducci," The Yale Review
Strepitous stems from the Latin word strepit which meant "noise."
1. Of or pertaining to blood; hemic. 2. Acting on the blood, as a medicine.
noun: 1. Hematinic.
However, if you think such drinks smack too much of medicine, you can console yourself with bread or tofu fortified with DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a substance that is good for the retina and brain and the hematic level of cholesterol. -- Carlo Petrini, Slow Food
A love transfusion is essentially the same as a blood transfusion. Just as humans are divided into four hematic groups, they're also grouped into four erotic types… -- Juan Filloy, Op Oloop
Hematic was invented in the 1850s. It comes from the Greek word haîma meaning "blood."
1. Abounding in pithy aphorisms or maxims: a sententious book. 2. Given to excessive moralizing; self-righteous. 3. Given to or using pithy sayings or maxims: a sententious poet. 4. Of the nature of a maxim; pithy.
For he was a poet and drowned untimely, and his verse, mild as it is and formal and sententious, sends forth still a frail fluty sound like that of a piano organ played in some back street resignedly by an old Italian organ-grinder in a corduroy jacket. -- Virginia Woolf, "Street Haunting: A London Adventure," Collected Essays
It was inconceivable that she was using the boring, sententious, contentious Shepherd for anything but a hollow threat to him, but this semblance of wrongdoing could now be turned to advantage. -- Kurt Vonnegut, Player Piano
Sententious is related to sententia, the Latin root for the word sentence. The Latin word sententiosus meant "full of meaning, pithy."
1. To talk or act insincerely or deceitfully; lie or use trickery. 2. To bargain with; haggle. 3. To act carelessly; trifle.
Since murder was that man's intention, why should he palter with small details? -- Mark Twain, A Tramp Abroad
Bathsheba would probably have terminated the conversation there and then by flatly forbidding the subject, had not her conscious weakness of position allured her to palter and argue in endeavors to better it. -- Thomas Hardy, Far From the Maddening Crowd
Palter is of unknown origin. It first arose in the 1540s, and it may be a variation of the word falter.
1. Southern. 2. (Initial capital letter) Australian.
That, at least, was not difficult to do; as they filtered through branches and thick treetops, the rays of the austral sun covered bodies and houses and all the objects of the inhabited area with undulating patterns of light and shadow that blended spectrally into random jungle forms. -- Carlos Fuentes, Terra Nostra
The church, from the north, seems a precious stone, on its austral side it is blood-colored, to the west white as snow, and above it shine countless stars more splendid than those in our sky. -- Umberto Eco, Baudolino
Austral is derived from the Latin word austrālis meaning "southern."
1. Based on or having trust: fiducial dependence upon God. 2. Accepted as a fixed basis of reference or comparison: a fiducial point; a fiducial temperature.
Knowing the sincerity of her concern for my well-being as I did, I can say with fiducial confidence she was attached to the phone, where she'd no doubt made a beeline the very moment after I'd stormed out of the house, awaiting a call from me announcing I was alright. -- William Cook, Love in the Time of Flowers
No, it was a par excellence speech, one that neither he nor anyone else was to give in front of an audience, one that wasn't going to be subjected to criticism, for how can you compare when you have no fiducial point? -- Thomas Justin Kaze, The Year of the Green Snake
Fiducial comes from the Late Latin word fīdūciālis meaning "trust."
They have been accredited variously to the respective signs of the Zodiac, but to the end that resultant opinions have failed to be utile value. -- John Hazelrigg, Astrosophic Principles And Astrosophic Tractates
It was located in an industrial warehouse but he had tricked it out smartly. It was altogether utile but not precisely cozy. -- Eve Howard, Shadow Lane Volume 8
Utile comes directly from the French word of the same spelling which also means "useful." It entered English in the late 1400s.
What is Oedipus' hamartia that leads to his self-fulfilling self-reversal? -- Laszlo Versényi, Man's Measure
We called it by many different things, such as hubris or hamartia, but given the way you butcher Latin, let's stick with English. -- Stephanie Draven, The Fever and the Fury
Hamartia stems from the Greek word hamartánein which meant "to err." However, it entered English in the late 1800s.
They wandered, amazed, through street after street of these teratoid villas and they concluded that the architecture of Knokke-le-Zoute was unique and far more disrespectful to the eye than that of any other maritime settlement they had ever seen, worse, by far, than Brighton or Atlantic City. -- Jean Stafford, "The Children’s Game," The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford, 1958
Later she rechecked the engraving and was appalled to see that Lincoln had lain on what appeared to be a teratoid, golden oak, four-poster bed. -- William Manchester, The Death of a President, November 20-November 25, 1963
Teratoid was coined in the 1870s. The root terat- is a Greek combining form that means "indicating a monster."
Avaricen. Immoderate desire, greed for wealth: an unreasonably strong desire to obtain and keep money. “His life was consumed by ambition and avarice.”
Superciliousadj. 1. Full of contempt and arrogance. 2. Behaving as if or showing that a person thinks they are better than other people, and that their opinions, beliefs or ideas are not important, condescending. “He spoke in a haughty, supercilious voice.”
To commit autohagiography is to write about oneself in an adulatory way. It has the same relationship to autobiography as a publicist’s puffery has to objective truth.
Vexatiousadj. 1. Full of annoyance or distress; harassed. 2. Causing or creating vexation; annoying. “Her ex-husband put her in a vexatious situation.”
Juxtaposetr.v. 1. To place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast. “The exhibition juxtaposes Picasso’s early drawings with some of his later works.”