honey, 1 1/4 cup packed brown sugar dissolved in 1/4 cup hot water (or liquid from recipe)
corn syrup, light (1 cup)
honey, 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar dissolved in 1/4 cup hot water (or liquid from recipe); molasses
cottage cheese
ricotta cheese
couscous
quinoa, brown rice
crab boil seasoning
Old Bay seasoning; pickling spice
cracker crumbs (1 cup)
1 1/4 cup dry bread crumbs, 1 1/2 cup crushed croutons or stuffing cubes, 1 cup panko
crayfish
shrimp, lobster, crab
cream cheese
ricotta cheese (for cooking)
cream, half-and-half (1 cup)
1 tbsp melted unsalted butter + enough whole milk to equal 1 cup, 3/4 cup whole milk + 1/4 cup heavy or whipping cream, 1 cup evaporated milk (for baking)
cream, light (1 cup)
3 tbsp melted unsalted butter + whole milk to equal 1 cup; 1/2 cup heavy or whipping cream plus 1/2 cup whole milk; 1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup whole milk
cream, light whipping (1 cup)
3/4 cup whole milk + 1/4 cup melted unsalted butter, 1 cup heavy or whipping cream
cream of tartar (1 tsp)
1 tbsp distilled white vinegar or lemon juice (to add acidity to liquids)
cream, whipping (1 cup)
2/3 cup whole milk + 1/3 cup melted unsalted butter, 2/3 cup evaporated milk
croissants
crescent rolls from refrigerated dough
cucumber
small zucchini
cumin, ground
chili powder, ground coriander
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
dill
tarragon
dill seeds
caraway seeds, celery seeds
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
egg noodles
dried linguine, fettuccine, pappardelle
eggplant
portobello mushroom caps, zucchini, yellow squash
egg substitute (3 tbsp)
2 egg whites, 1 large egg
egg white (1 lg)
2 tsp meringue powder + 3 tbsp water, 1 tbsp ground flaxseed simmered in 3 tbsp water
1/2 cup cream cheese + 1/2 cup sour cream blended until smooth, 3/4 cup cream cheese + 1/4 cup heavy or whipping cream blended until smooth, 1/2 cup ricotta cheese + 1/2 cup heavy or whipping cream blended until smooth
mayonnaise
sour cream, yogurt
milk, whole
1 cup minus 3 tbsp fat-free milk + 3 tbsp melted butter or margarine
mint
basil
mozzarella cheese
provolone cheese, gouda cheese
mussels
oysters, soft-shelled or littleneck clams, scallops
mustard greens
turnip greens, arugula, collard greens, kale
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
napa cabbage
green or red cabbage, collard greens
nectarines
peaches, plums, apricots, cherries
nutmeg
ground mace, ground allspice, ground cinnamon, apple pie spice, pumpkin pie spice
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
oat flour (1 cup)
1 1/4 cups old-fashioned oatmeal, ground in blender
oil, vegetable (1/2 cup)
1/4 cup buttermilk + 1/4 cup well-drained, unsweetened applesauce or baby food prunes (for baking)
okra (2 cups)
green beans, asparagus, broccoli, 1 tbsp filé powder or 2 tsp cornstarch mixed with 1 tbsp cold water (for thickening, especially in gumbo)
Old Bay seasoning
crab boil, pickling spice
olive oil
corn oil, canola oil, peanut oil
onion flakes (1 tbsp)
3/4 to 1 tsp onion powder, 1/2 cup chopped fresh or frozen onion
1/2 cup tomato purée or tomato sauce + 1/2 cup water, 1/4 cup tomato paste + 3/4 cup water
tomato paste (1 tbsp)
2 to 3 tbsp tomato purée or tomato sauce, boil until reduced to 1 tbsp
tomato purée (1 cup)
1/3 cup tomato paste + 2/3 cup water, tomato sauce
tomato sauce (1 cup)
1/2 cup tomato paste + 1/2 cup water, 1 cup canned stewed tomatoes, blended until smooth
trout
salmon, ocean perch
tuna
swordfish, mahi-mahi, striped bass, salmon
turmeric (1/4 to 1/2 tsp)
1/4 to 1/2 tsp ground ginger + 1 to 2 tsp minced fresh ginger, 5 to 7 saffron threads, 1/2 tsp curry powder
turnips
parsnips, rutabaga, broccoli stems
turnip greens
mustard greens, collards, kale, mature spinach
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
vanilla bean (1 8-inch pod)
2 to 3 tsp vanilla extract
vegetable shortening (1 cup)
1 cup + 2 tbsp unsalted butter (baking), 1 cup bacon fat (sautéing and frying)
vermouth
dry sherry, dry white wine
vinegar
lemon juice or lime juice (for dressings, marinades, sauces, and deglazing pans)
vodka
gin, white rum, tequila
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
walnuts
pine nuts, pecans, almonds
wasabi (1 tbsp)
1 tbsp well-drained prepared horseradish, 1 tbsp mustard powder + 1 tsp water (mix, cover, and let rest for 15 minutes)
watermelon
honeydew melon
whipped cream (1 cup)
12 oz can evaporated milk, chilled overnight, mixed with 1 tbsp lemon juice, whipped until stiff, beat in 1 tsp vanilla extract and 1/4 cup confectioner's sugar
whiskey
cognac, brandy, or rum
whitefish
perch, lake trout
whiting
cod, flounder, ocean perch, red snapper
wine, red (1 cup)
3/4 cup red grape juice + 2 tbsp red wine vinegar or lemon juice + 2 tbsp water (for marinades), beef stock (for sauces and stews)
wine, white (1 cup)
3/4 cup white grape juice, apple juice, or apple cider + 1/4 cup white wine vinegar or lemon juice (for marinades), sherry or vermouth, sake, chicken or vegetable stock (for sauce and stews)
worcestershire sauce (1 tbsp)
2 tsp soy sauce + 4 drops hot pepper sauce + 1/4 lemon juice + 1/4 tsp granulated sugar